Izinkambo zokufanana zizingafanele zibalulekile ukwenza isistimu sokufiltara ngememebri ye-RO

Izinkambo Zokugcina Kabusha Ukukhathazisa Isikhombisa Se-RO

Izinkambo Zokugcina Zokuphatha Amasili Nokuphatha Amakhobokho: Ukukhathazisa Ukuphatha Kwesikhombisa Nokuphatha Kwe-Chlorine

Ukusebenza kahle kokuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi sokuphakanyiswa kwe-RO kuyisibhedlela esiphambili sokulondoloza isikhombisa se-RO. Amaphiltre ase-sediment ne-carbon asenzi isebenziso esihlukene ukuhlola isikhombisa sesikhathi sokuphakanyiswa esihle (TFC). Isikhathi sokuphakanyiswa se-5-micron sediments sithabatha amasimbi abekele—amashilini, amasilti, amarusti, nokuthi izinto ezingaphansi zokubeka—ezokungakhathalisi izindlela zokugqamisa kwezikhombisa zokuphakanyiswa. Uma kuzwa ngokungathathwa ngokuphelele, lokhu kubangela ukuphela kwezinkinga zokuphakanyiswa, ukuphela kwesivinini, ukuphela kwesivinini sokubuyela, ukuphela kwesifundo sokusebenza, nokuphela kwesibhedlela sokubuyela kwezinye izindawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokuphakanyiswa se-carbon esikhethiwe sithabatha i-chlorine, i-chloramines, nezinto ezingaphansi zokubeka. Izinkampani zokunika amanzi ziyasebenzisa i-chlorine esingaphansi kwe-0.2–1.0 ppm—lokhu kuyisibhedlela sokuphakanyiswa esikwazi ukuthabatha isikhombisa se-polyamide TFC. Ukuphakanyiswa kuhlinzeka ukuthabatha ukuthabatha kwezinkinga zokubuyela kwezinkinga, futhi kubangela ukuphela kwezinkinga. ngaphambi bafika kumembrane kubuhlela ukukhetha nokunquma isikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele. Umlando wendustria ubonisa ukuthi ukuphakamisa kwezinye izikhathi ezimbili zokuvula kungakhupha isikhathi sokusebenza semembrane ngaphezu kwe-50%. Ukuze uqinisekise ukulondoloza, lombeka ipresha yokuvula kwezifiltara zokugcina nokuzama ukuthi kufika kwechlorine emva kwezifiltara zokuchitha kabusha; shintsha izicathulo zonke ngeminyaka eyodwa ku-6–12 ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza nokukhula kwamanzi okusuka. Ukulondoloza ngokuphelele kubuhlela ukuthi umnandi wamanzi otholakala uyisibonelo esihle futhi kunciphisa ukungasebenzi kahle ngaphandle kokuzilungiselela.

Amasipho amaningi okusebenza okuhle kwezifiltara zemembrane ze-RO

Umpumpa wezimithi ephakeme (60+ PSI) nezivela zepresha zokuhlola ngokuphelele

Izinqatha zomnotho wamanzi ezindlu zihambisa kuphela ama-PSI angu-40–50—kodwa leli gama liyisikhundla esingaphansi kwe-PSI angu-60, okuyindlela yokusebenza yamaphathi we-RO. Ukusebenza ngokungafanele kwezimboni zokuphakama kunciphisa ukukhupha kwamaphathi ngokuphakeme kwe-35% futhi kunciphisa ukubuyisela kwe-TDS ngokuphakeme kwe-5–7%, ngokusho kwe-analisi yase-2022 yaseNtshonalanga yaseNtshonalanga. I-pump yezimboni ephakeme iyakhuluma ngokuphelele ukuphakama kwezimboni ku-60–80 PSI, futhi kusukela kuleyo inqamba yokuqondana ngezimboni ezinconywa. Sibone amamodeli enazo izimboni zokuvikela ukusebenza ngaphandle komnotho (dry-run protection) neziqulelo zokugcina emzini (compact under-sink designs).

Amagauge aphakeme aqinisekile ayabiza umlando oqinisekile: eyodwa isetshenziswa phambi kwe-housing yamaphathi ukuhlola izimboni zokufaka, ngakho-ke eyodwa elinesibili kwe-permeate isebenza ukubonisa ukufoula kwanqamuka ngokuphakama kwe-differential pressure. Ngokuhlanganisa i-pump ne-gauges, kubhekwa ukuzimisa ukukhupha nokubuyisela, kusindiswa ukuzimisa ukuzimisa kwe-15–25% yekhodi yomnotho, futhi kunciphiswa ukuchitha kwezinhlobo zokusebenza kwe-membrane—ngokwesibonelo sokunikeza ubude bokusebenza nobukhona bokusebenza okuphelele.

I-housing yamaphathi we-RO neziqulelo zemaphathi eziqinisekile ze-TFC

Umbuso wokusebenza kwe-RO okuphambili kuyi-elementi yemembrane ephathelwe ngokuphelele (TFC - Thin Film Composite). I-barrier yepolyamide yakho iyathola ukukhupha amasalti ngapansi kwe-98% futhi, uma iphathelwe ngokuphelele nge-NSF/ANSI 58, iyathola ngokuphambili i-lead, i-cysts, i-nitrate, i-fluoride (ngapansi kwe-99%), kanye nezinye izinto eziphathelwe ngokuphelele—njengoba kubonakalile kuzo zinkambo zokuzivocavoca kwezinsizakweli zokugcina ubuhlungu bokuphila kwe-2023.

Leli-elementi kufanele libe emkhumbulweni owenziwe ngokuphelele ngokuphatha kwemithombo yokuqala (polypropylene) okuphatha kwezindawo zokudla noma isitayini steyili esingaphili kwezinkinga zokuphatha—kabusha kuyasebenza ngokuphelele nge-NSF/ANSI 61. Umkhumbulwe kufanele uqondane nezinhlobo zokuphatha (isibonelo, 1812 kuma-systems okuphatha kwezindawo zokusebenza), futhi kufanele kunezinkambo zokuvocavoca kwezindawo zokuphatha kwe-permeate ukuze kungakhathaliseki ukubuyela emuva. Izinkambo zokuvocavoca (O-rings) kufanele zihlolwe ngokuphambili futhi zilishintshwe ngasikhathi sika-2–3 iminyaka ukuze kubhekwe umbuso wokuvocavoca. Ukuchazwa kahle kwe-elementi ephathelwe ngokuphelele nokumkhumbulwe okuphatha kwezinhlobo zokuphatha kuyakusiza ukuthi kubhekwe umbuso wokukhupha, kungakhathaliseki ukubuyela emuva kwezindawo zokuphatha, futhi kuyakubeka umbuso wokuthi i-permeate ibe yisikhathi sokuphatha kwezindawo zokusebenza ngokuphambili.

Amasipho okuphatha emva kwezinhlobo zokuphatha kanye nezinkambo zokuvocavoca ukuthi umnandi wamanzi nothando lwesistimu

I-Mitha Ye-TDS, I-Restrictor Ye-Flow, Nokufaka Kwakhona Kwe-Remineralization

I-mitha ye-TDS yiyindlela eyinkulu kakhulu, enobunzima obubanzi kakhulu yokuzijabulisa ukusebenza kwe-membrane ngokushesha. Ngokuphinda ukulinganisa amaqhezu e-TDS we-water yokuqala ne-we-permeate, kubonakala ukuthi ukubeka kwasekhaya kuyaphila kumathuba we-90–99%. Ukuphanda kakhulu kwe-TDS we-permeate kubonisa ukuthi kungasemva kwe-hlangukile kwe-membrane, ukugwema, noma ukungafani kwe-seal—kukhomba ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe umlando ngokushesha kabusha ukungabi nesiphetho esihle sesiqhamo.

I-restrictor ye-flow, ekhulwe kwi-concentrate line, iyamela ukubalwa kwe-hydraulic okuhle kusuka kwe-membrane. Iyavimba isilinganiso se-waste ku-permeate (isilinganiso sikhulu si-3:1 ku-5:1), ikhindela ukuthi ukubalwa kungaphezulu, ukuthi i-brine ibe yisikhathi eside, noma ukuthi kubekwe phakathi—konke lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-membrane. Ukusebenzisa i-restrictor engasifanayo kubonisa ukuthi akukho ubunikazi nokuthi isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-membrane singaphezulu.

Okwakhiwe kakhulu, ikhadiyethi yokufaka amathambo eminye ayabuyisela i-calcium ne-magnesium emuva kokususa amathambo. Lokhu kusula umlando wokushisa okungafanele kwezilwane zokuphatha amathambo futhi kubiza i-pH kuqondile lokungahloniphi, kubuhleza izilwane zokuphatha amathambo nezinto eziphathwayo emuva kwezilwane. Ngokuzimele, lezi zintandabuzo ezintathu ziyakwenza ukususa amathambo ngokujwayelekile ukuba kube ngokugcina kakhulu, ukususa umlando wokushisa, nokubuhleza isistimu.

Amasipho esigcino nesibonelo sokusebenza kwe-RO membrane filter

I-ASO (Automatic Shut-Off Valve), I-Check Valve, ne-Drain Saddle Kit

I-ASO (Automatic Shut-Off Valve) iyidinga elibalulekile ekuvikeleni amanzi nokubuhleza imembrane. Iyamphuma umsindo wamanzi wokufaka lapha isitanki sokugcina sifika emaphethini ayalandelayo—kuyamphuma ukuphakama kwamanzi okuphakamiswa kwezilwane futhi kunciphisa ukuphakamisa kwezilwane ngokuphelele ngemitha yezinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa. Uma akukho, ukuphakamisa kwezilwane kuyadlula kakhulu kuyakha umbiko wokufakwa kwezilwane futhi kuyavikela izinto ezibalulekile.

Ivalve yokugcina umsindo wokuphuma kumkhala wokuphuma ukungabuyi emkhala wokugcina okubhekisekile. Umphakathi wokubhekisa kungasiza ukusulwa kwemikhala yamaphetha ye-TFC eyincinci—umthwalo omkhulu wokuphula kokuphula kwezindawo zokuphuma, njengoba kubonisiwe kubizibizo bezifundo zokuphula kwebhrendi ezinkulu zemikhala.

Okokugcina, iset ya-Drain Saddle inikeza umthwalo oqinile, owatholakala ngokufanele, kumkhala wokubuyela kumkhala wokuphuma wendawo yokugcina. Ukufaka kahle kunezinkinga zokungafakwa kanye nokuthola umphakathi wokuhlanganisa—okunconywa kakhulu ukungabuyi kwezinto ezingafani nezinye futhi ukuvikela ubukhulu bokudla komnandi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Umgomo wezifiltara zokugcina zomthwalo nesikhaba kusistimu ye-RO yini?

Izifiltara zokugcina zomthwalo zihlola izinto eziphakeme njengezandla, izithuthu, nezilithi, zivikela imikhala ukungabuyi, ngakho-ke izifiltara zokugcina yesikhaba zisusa i-chlorine nezinto ezingafani, zivikela imikhala ukungabuyi kwezinto eziphakeme ngokuchaza i-chlorine.

Kungani ikhampu yokuphepha okuphakeme iyadingeka?

Ukuchitha kwezindawo zokuhlala kungabizwa ngokukhula kakhulu ukusuka kwe-RO. I-pump yokuchitha iyaphakamisa ukuchitha ukuze ibe yinkimbinkimbi eyodwa, ekuvumelana nokusebenza kahle kwamanzi nokuphatha kwezinhlelo.

I-TDS meter isebenza njani ekubhalisweni kwezinhlelo ze-RO?

I-TDS meter ichazela izinto zonke ezihlukileyo kumanzi, ekusiza abasebenzi ukubonisa ukusebenza kwe-membrane futhi ukubona izinkinga ezingaphansi njenge-fouling noma ukungafani kwe-seal ngokushesha.

I-cartridge yokufaka amathambo eminye yenzela njani?

Iyafaka amathambo njenge-calcium ne-magnesium emanzini ngemuva kwe-filtration, ekuvumelana nokuhlela ukuchaza nokunqoba ukuchitha.

Kungani i-Automatic Shut-Off Valve ibalulekile?

Iyilondoloza amanzi ngokuvula ukuchitha kwezindawo zokuhlala lapho itanki yokugcina iphele, ekuvumelana ukungafani kwezinkinga nokulondoloza i-membrane ukusuka kwezinkinga zokuchitha.