Yini ukuthi ifiltara yomkhumbu oyisikhwama iyisisekelwa kwezindawo zokuphatha amanzi ngaphandle kokuhlela

Xa uyaphakisha izinto zokusebenza ekuseni kweminyaka eyisibili noma ukuphatha amanzi ngemikhakha, umunye gram uyadingeka kakhulu. Izinto zokuphatha amanzi kufanele zibe khona emzimbeni ngaphandle kokuthi ziyatholakala xa kufanele ukudla. Izinto zokuphatha amanzi ezingaphakeme—njengezinto zokuphatha ezincane noma izithuthi zokuphatha amanzi ezinamandla—zidibanisa ubukhulu obungafanele, izinyathelo ezinzima zokusebenza, nokuphakama okuzoba kuyabulawa abasebenzi.

Amaphiltara emfutha esihlwele asivumela ukuzinikela le miphumela ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngokufaka amathousandi amabili amancane amafutha okunye nesikhumba esincane, lezi ziqondiso zisivumela ukuthi zibe ne-ibhendi yezinye zokubala eliphezulu kakhulu. Isithakazelo sesihlwele se-mfutha esihlwele sikhulu singasiza emizini yamagama amancane, isebenza ngokuphelele kwi-pockets yekhampu noma kusuka kwi-sleeping bag.

Umbono wokuphambuka kwezimembreni zokuphambuka kwezihlakani ziyavumela ukuthi izithombe nezinhlanganisi zizigqamule ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokuvulwa kwemiphumela yokuqondisa. Lokhu kukhona kubuhlungu obuncane kakhulu okwenza ukuthi isimo sokuphambuka kwezihlakani siyisikhetho esihlukile kubazihlakani bezinye, abasebenzisa emhlabathini yezinye, nabasayensi bokuphambuka kwezinye, nabasayensi bakubonakalisa umphumela wokuphambuka.

Ukusebenza kwe-Gravity ne-Hand-Pump Ngaphandle Kokusebenza Kwezinkambo Zokusebenza Kwelektrikhi

Amanzi okuchitha kufanele abe nemfihlo phakathi konke, ikakhulu emhlabathini yezinye noma emaphakathi amangalisa apho izinkambo zokusebenza kwelektrikhi azikho. Izimembreni zokuphambuka kwezihlakani zisebenza ngokulinganayo phansi kwemiphumela yokuqondisa engaphezulu kwe-0.5 bar. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isisitemu singasebenzisa ngokuphambuka kwezinye noma ngokusebenza kwezinye.

Ukuqala kwe-gravity kubalulekile kufanele kube nempilo yezinsizakalo zokusebenzisa i-bag yokugcina amanzi ngaphandle kwezinsizakalo zokugcina amanzi esihlukene ngemitha eyodwa, ukuze kutholwe amalitha angama-1 ku-2 wamanzi okuphila okuphelele ngomzuzu. Kusenzo lokusebenzisa ngokuphelele, izibhokisi zokushaya nezifiltela zokushaya ngendlela yokushaya kuzo zisebenzisa ukushaya okuncane okanye ukushaya ngohand ngenxa yokushaya kumabili wamanzi ngaphansi kwamabili wokufiltela.

Ngoba ukusebenza akukho bateri, amahlayini, noma amageneretha amanquma, lezi zikhombisa ziyasebenza ngokuphelele ngokwesibonelo. Ukukhipha amaphartsi welektriki akukho izindawo eziphathelene nokungasebenzi njengebateri elingavumelekile, izifuse ezilungile, noma ukungasebenzi kwemotolo. Uma kuhleliwe emzini wamanzi wokuphila, kusenzo lokusebenzisa ngokuphelele, noma kusenzo lokusebenzisa ngokuphelele, ukuphila kwenza ngokuphelele kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele.

Ukuphakanyiswa kokuphula amaseli okuphila kusenzo lokusebenzisa ngokuphelele

Ngaphandle kwezindawo ezingaphansi nezindlela zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo, izincwadi zezinye zezinkumbulo zinakwenzela ukulinda kwemibono yezinto ezihlukene. Ngenxa yezizinga zokubhala ezikhulu kakhulu ezingaba phakathi kwe-0.1 ne-0.2 microns, lezi zinkumbulo zinamandla okubhekisa ngokupheleleyo okuzokungena kwezinto ezingaphansi kumgodi wamanzi amhlophe.

Amathuba Okukhupha Okuvunyelwe

Ngemithombo yokuqonda kwezifundo, izimoduli zezinkumbulo ezingaphansi zinakwenzela ukukhupha kwezinto ezingaphansi ngokupheleleyo (99.9999%) kanye nokukhupha kwezinto ezingaphansi ngokupheleleyo (99.99999%). Izifundo zokuchaza ngokupheleleyo zisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto ezingaphansi njenge- MS2 bacteriophage kanti Brevundimonas diminuta kuthiwa ukuthi izinhlangano zokugcina umgodi ngokupheleleyo zinamandla yokufuna ngokupheleleyo ngeminyaka eyingu-1.

Izifundo zokuzilungiselela ezisetyenziswa kwezintambo zokupheleleyo zinamandla okuhambisana nalesi sifundo, kuthiwa ukuthi izicelo ezincane zinakwenzela ukulinda kwezifundo ngokupheleleyo nakho emazweni apho amathuba ayizigqibo.

Ukufuna ngokupheleleyo kumanzi amhlophe, amhlophe, kanye namanzi angaphansi kwezinto ezingaphansi

Imithombo yamanzi yangaphandle ihlukahluka kakhulu, kusukela emifudlaneni yezintaba ecacile njengekristalu kuya emachibini anomsindo agcwele imfucumfucu nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Izihlungi ze-hollow fiber zigcina amazinga aphezulu okugeleza nokuhlunga okuthembekile kuzo zonke lezi zimo:

• Ukusekela Ukufiphala Okuphezulu: Emanzini anodaka noma anodaka, ukugeleza okuvela ngaphandle kuya ngaphakathi kuvimbela ukuvaleka kwezikhala zangaphakathi ezijulile. Izinhlayiya ezilengayo zakha ungqimba oluncane olususekayo olwenziwe ngamakhekhe olungaphandle lwezintambo, okusiza ekubambeni ukungcola okuncane.

• Ukusebenza Kwezulu Elibandayo: Amazinga okushisa amanzi acishe abe yiqhwa awathikamezi ukwakheka kwe- pore noma ukuguquguquka kwe- membrane, okuvumela ukusebenza okuthembekile ngesikhathi samaqhwa asekupheleni kwenkathi.

• Ukuqina Kwezinto Eziphilayo: Izinto ezivikela amanzi ezivikela amanzi ziyamelana nokugqwala kwezinto eziphilayo okubangelwa ama-humic acid nama-tannin avamile emhlabathini wezitshalo. Ukuhlanza ngokushesha ngamanzi ahlanzekile kususa ukwakheka komhlaba futhi kubuyisele amazinga ajwayelekile okugeleza.

Ukwakhiwa Okuhlala Isikhathi Eside Nokugcinwa Kulula Endaweni

Izinkambo ezenziwe ngokusebenzisa emaphakathi amaningi okanye emazwe okuphatha kwezinkinga zokuphatha kakhulu, ukuguqula kwesikhathi, nokuchitha ngamachemikhali. Amembrayini amahle asebenzisa i-hollow fiber azenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-polyethersulfone noma i-polysulfone abonisa ukuthi kuyasebenza kahle kuma-chemikhali futhi kunezimali zokuphatha kahle.

Ukuthi Kwenziwa Ngokwemikhili Yama-Chemikhali Ukuchitha Kabanzi

Lapho kusebenziswa emaphakathi amaningi ngeminyaka engaphezu kwezinsukwane eziningi, kungabikho ukuthi kubhekwe kwe-biofilm noma ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinto zokubhekwa kwezinhlobo zokubhekwa kusendaweni yokufihla kwe-filter. Amembrayini asebenzisa i-hollow fiber ayatholakala kumashumi amancane asebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) noma i-bleach ukuchitha kabanzi ngaphandle kokuthi ahlale kahle.

Abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa izilimi zokuchitha ezinomthwalo wokuchitha ngokuzimisa ngaphakathi kwe-module ngaphandle kokuthi bavule isikhumba. Lokhu kuvula izilimi zokuchitha zezinto zokubhekwa futhi kuvula izibhakabhaka zezinhlobo zokubhekwa zokugcina umphela wokuthi kuyasebenza kahle kwe-membrane, kuvikela ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kuhlanganise noma kuhlanjwe kwezinto zokuchitha ngokuphinda-phinda.

Ukuthi Kuyasebenza Kabanzi Ngokuthi Kuyasebenza Kabanzi Ngokuthi Kuyasebenza Kabanzi Nokuthi Kuyasebenza Kabanzi Ngokuthi Kuyasebenza Kabanzi

Amanzi abambeke ngaphakathi kwesihlungi lapho amazinga okushisa ebanda kakhulu ebusuku angonakalisa izinhlelo zokuhlunga ezincane. Nokho, ama-module aphezulu we-hollow fiber anezendlalelo eziguquguqukayo zangaphakathi nezendlalelo zokweseka ama-hydrophobic ezenza amanzi aqandiswe.

Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi la ma-module agcina amakhono okugwema amagciwane ngisho nangemva kweshumi lama-freeze-thaw cycles phakathi kuka -20°C no-25°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivalo zokugcina ezicindezela ukushaya kanye nama-fiber angaphakathi aguquguqukayo avikela ulwelwesi ekuweni okukhulu emad

Izinhlelo Ezingagxili Ezisetshenziselwa Izinto Zokuphuma Naphandle Nezokusebenza Kwezikhathi Eziphuthumayo

Imvelo ye-modular yobuchwepheshe be-hollow fiber membrane ivumela ukuthi isuke kalula kusuka kumishini yomuntu siqu iye eziteshini zamanzi ezingeni lomphakathi:

• Ukuhlelwa Okuhambisanayo Kwe-Modular: Ukuxhuma ama-cartridge amaningi e-fiber ahlanganisiwe ngezikali ezifanayo amazinga okugeleza asuka ku-0.5 litre ngomzuzu aya ku-50 litre ngomzuzu ngaphandle kokwenza kabusha i-housing eyinhloko.

• Ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene: Ubuchwepheshe obufanayo be-fibre engu-0.1-micron busebenzisa izikhwama zomuntu siqu eziwu-1 litre kanye nezinhlelo zokudonsa eziwu-20 litre ezisetshenziswa amaqembu asizayo.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusheshayo Kwezenzakalo Eziphuthumayo: Amadivayisi ahlanganiswe kusengaphambili angathunyelwa emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kwenhlekelele yemvelo, anikeze amanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza amakhulu abantu abaphelelwe izindawo zabo nsuku zonke.

• Ukuhambisana Okuhlehlisiwe: Imiklamo ye-cartridge yenza kube lula ukushintsha kusuka ekuhlelweni okulula kokunyuka kwelanga kuya eziteshini ezinkulu zokuhlunga basecamp, okwenza lula ukuphathwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nezingxenye ezisele.

Ukuqamba Okuthuthukile Kwe-Membrane Nokuthembeka Kokukhiqiza

Ukuthengwa kwemishini yokuhlunga amanzi enokwethenjelwa kudinga ukukhiqizwa okunembile, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, kanye nobuchwepheshe obujulile kwezesayensi yamakhemikhali e-polymer membrane. Izintambo zonke kumelwe zigcine ubukhulu bezimbobo bufanayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-microbial awavumi amanzi ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi.

Njengoba umthuthukisi othembekile wezixazululo eziphambili zokuhlunga, Hynamo Water igxile ekuqambeni izixazululo zamakhemikhali ezisebenza kahle kanye nezinhlelo ze-reverse osmosis ezenzelwe izimo ezinzima zamanzi. Ngokusekelwa ucwaningo olunzulu, izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziqinile, kanye namakhono amaningi we-OEM ne-ODM, Hynamo Water inikeza abalingani bomhlaba wonke izingxenye zokuhlunga ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezonga amandla ezakhelwe ukusebenza kwensimu isikhathi eside.